AAWSAP DIRD, Invisibility Cloaking Theory and Experiments, March 2010
DOW-UAP-D122 · page 28 of 29
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UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFI@IAL l::ISE OHL¥ Summary A cloaking device is a passive device made of a transparent material that guides light around any object in its interior as if the light has passed through empty space. The cloaking device conceals the object and hides the act of hiding itself. Perfect cloaking devices are impossible because they require materials where the speed of light approaches infinity. Imperfect cloaking devices could be made. Such devices implement suitable curved-space geometries. For electromagnetic microwaves, cloaking devices are definitely within reach of the present technology. Whether invisibility in the visible range of t he spectrum will become a reality is not entirely clear yet. Most probably, this will depend more on the new theoretical research than on advances in new materials, and on the application of mathematical intelligence, intuition, and imagination. 1 A. Alu and N. Engheta, Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings, Physical Review E 72, 016623 (2005). 2 G. W. Milton and N.-A. P. Nicorovici, On the cloaking effects associated with anomalous localized resonance, Proceedings of the Royal Society London A 462, 3027 (2006). 3 Y. Lai, H. Chen, Z-Q. Zhang, and C. T. Chan, Complementary Media Invisibility Cloak that Cloaks Objects at a Distance Outside the Cloaking Shell, Physical Review Letters 102, 093901 (2009). 4 U. Leonhardt, Optical Conformal Mapping, Science 312, 1777 (2006). 5 J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, and D. R. Smith, Controlling Electromagnetic Fields, Science 312, 1780 (2006). 6 J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, and D. R. Smith, Controlling Electromagnetic Fields, Science 312, 1780 (2006). 7 U. Leonhardt and T. G. Phi lbin, Transformation Optics and the Geometry of Light, preprint arXiv:0805.4778, to appear in Progress in Optics. 8 U. Leonhardt and T. G. Philbin, Transformation Optics and the Geometry of Light, preprint arXiv :0805.4778, to appear in Progress in Optics. 9 U. Leonhardt, Optical Conformal Mapping, Science 312, 1777 (2006). 10 J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, and D. R. Smith, Controlling Electromagnetic Fields, Science 312, 1780 (2006) . 11 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 12 U. Leonhardt, Optical Conformal Mapping, Science 312, 1777 (2006). 13 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 14 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 15 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 16 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 17 F. E. Wagner, S. Haslbeck, L. Stievano, S. Ca logero, Q. A. Pan khurst, and P. Martinek, Before striking gold in gold-ruby glass, Nature 407, 691 (2000). 18 D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D.R. Smith, Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies, Science 314, 977 (2006). 19 W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, Optical cloaking with metamaterials, Nature Photonics 1, 224 (2007). 20 W. Cai, U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, Optical cloaking with metamaterials, Nature Photonics 1, 224 (2007). 21 C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Costas M. Soukoulis, Stefan Linden, and Martin Wegener, Negative Refractive Index at Optical Wavelengths, Science 315, 47 (2007). 22 C. M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, and M. Wegener, Costas M. Soukoulis, Stefan Linden, and Martin Wegener, Negative Refractive Index at Optical Wavelengths, Science 315, 47 (2007). 23 J. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Barta!, A. M. Stacy, and X. Zhang, Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires, Science 321, 930 (2008). 24 J. Valentine, S. Zhang, T. Zentgraf, E. Ulin-Avila, D. A. Genov, G. Barta!, and X. Zhang, Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index, Nature 455, 376 (2008). 25 U. Leonhardt and T. G. Philbin, General relativity in electrical engineering, New Journal of Physics 8, 247 (2006). 26 (11 ) J. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Barta!, A. M. Stacy, and X. Zhang, Optical Negative Refraction in Bulk Metamaterials of Nanowires, Science 321, 930 (2008). 23 UNCLASSIFIED/,CFOA OFFI&I.t.L l::ISE OHL¥