AAWSAP DIRD, Warp Drive, Dark Energy, and the Manipulation of Extra Dimensions, April 2010

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mechanism is it that allows for this higher space to remain compact and stable? Of the
handful of theories that attempt to answer this problem, one is particularly appealing
due to its naturalness.
A recurring theme throughout this paper is Casimir energy. This energy is compelling
due to the fact that it is a natural feature intrinsic to the fabric of space itself. Casimir
energy in higher dimensions not only offers the promise of explaining the nature of dark
energy, as discussed in previous sections, but can also be utilized as a mechanism to
stabilize the compact extra dimension .
We have discovered in our research that with a natural combination of fields, and a
single exotic component, we are able to generate a stable extra dimension (Reference
51, 53). The way to understand this is as follows : as mentioned earlier, each field in
nature contributes a component to the ground state of the vacuum (that is, the state of
minimum energy of space) due to the virtual particle contributions. When this energy is
calculated for the case of three large and one compact spatial dimension, one discovers
that this energy is a strong function of the size of the 5th dimension.
I n our research, we summed the contributions from all the known fields in nature using
extensions of Equation (6.5) . We discovered that with the addition of one additional
exotic field confined to exist in only the 5th dimension, a stable higher dimensional
configuration was found. Our motivations for the addition of extra exotic fields have a
strong phenomenolog ica l foundation, and these exotic fields been studied successfully
in the context of explaining solar neutrino oscillations (Reference 54-56). A full
discussion, however, is beyond the scope of this paper.
To understand what is meant by a stable higher dimensional configuration we refer to
Figure 7, which is a plot illustrating the vacuum energy density as a function of higher
dimensional radius.
The x-axis represents the radius of the higher dimension and the y-axis the energy
density of spacetime.18 We have shown the contributions to the energy density coming
from the different fields of the Standard Model, and also the additional exotic field. The
overall energy density is illustrated as a thick black line. The most important feature of
th is graph is the mathematical minimum. A good physical analogy here is to imagine
releasing a ball from the far left of the black line: the ball would roll down the line and
become stuck in the minimum. The ball becoming stuck in this minimum is an excellent
analogy to the dynamics of the higher dimension, which begins at some unstable state,
but evolves into a stable configuration.
18 We work in "normalized" units.
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