AAWSAP DIRD, Traversable Wormholes, Stargates, and Negative Energy, April 2010

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manifold, but of the fibre bundle itself has an effect on r::,; . In addition to this, there
are (compactified) extra-space dimensional quantum field (i.e., D-Brane or "brane
world") analogs of the Casimir effect yet to be explored. But a detailed consideration of
these for producing traversable wormholes is beyond the scope of this report and will
be left for future investigation.
As a final note, the methods used to obtain the electromagnetic T~;; between parallel
plane conductors can also be used when the conductors are not parallel but are joined
together along a line of intersection. If the conductors have curved surfaces instead,
then one obtains results that are similar to the case of intersecting conductors. These
geometries have also been evaluated for the case of dielectric media. These particular
cases will not be considered further since there are technical subtleties involved that
complicate the calculations and application of the different approaches. This topic will
also be left for future investigation.
5. Dynamical Casimir Effect: Moving Mirrors
Negative energy can be created by a single moving reflecting (conducting) surface
(a.k.a. a moving mirror). A mirror moving with increasing acceleration generates a flux
of negative energy that emanates from its surface and flows out into the space ahead
of the mirror (Reference 25, 56). This is essentially the simple case of an infinite plane
conductor undergoing acceleration perpendicular to its surface. If the acceleration
varies with time, the conductor will generally emit or absorb photons (i.e., exchange
energy with the vacuum), even though it is neutral. This is an example of the well­
known quantum phenomenon of parametric excitation. The parameters of the
electromagnetic field oscillators (e.g., their frequency distribution function) change with
time owing to the acceleration of the mirror (Reference 57). However, this effect is
known to be exceedingly small, and it is not the most effective way to produce negative
energy. This scheme will not be considered any further.
6. Casimir Effect: Negative Energy for Traversable Wormholes
The electromagnetic Casimir effect can be used in principle to create a traversable
wormhole. The energy density pcE = -(n2nc/720)a4 within a Casimir cavity is negative
and manifests itself by producing a force of attraction between the cavity walls. But
cavity dimensions must be made exceedingly small in order to generate a significant
amount of negative energy. In order to use the Casimir effect to generate a spherically
symmetric traversable wormhole throat of radius r11zroar, there is need to design a cavity
made of perfectly conducting spherically concentric thin plates with a plate separation d
of (Reference 2):
(1t3)¼(
{he)½
d =
~ hroal
30
\/7
(8)
= (4.05 X 1o - JS) ✓
r lhroal
(m)
To counteract the collapse of the cavity due to the Casimir Force acting between the
plates, the plates will have equal electric charges placed upon them to establish
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