AAWSAP DIRD, Traversable Wormholes, Stargates, and Negative Energy, April 2010

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the allowable spatial distributions of negative energy. And there were found to be
allowable negative energy distributions in which observers would never encounter the
accompanying positive energy distribution so long as the QI restrictions and
corresponding energy conditions are violated. The extent to which the results of Borde
et al.'s analysis can be generalized to a four-dimensional curved spacetime (with or
without boundaries) and interacting fields remain unsolved.
C. OBSERVING NEGATIVE ENERGY IN THE LAB
Negative energy should be observable in lab experiments. The presence of naturally
occurring negative energy regions in space is predicted to produce a unique signature
corresponding to lensing, chromaticity and intensity effects in micro- and macro-lensing
events on galactic and extragalactic/cosmological scales (Reference 66-71) . It has been
shown that these effects provide a specific signature that allows for discrimination
between ordinary (positive energy) and negative energy lenses via the spectral analysis
of astronomical lensing events. Theoretical modeling of negative energy lensing effects
has led to intense astronomical searches for naturally occurring traversable wormholes
in the universe. Computer model simulations and comparison of their results with
recent satellite observations of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) has shown that putative
negative energy (i.e., traversable wormhole) lensing events very closely resemble the
main features of some GRBs. Other research has found that current observational data
suggests that large amounts of naturally occurring "exotic matter" must have existed
sometime between the epoch of galaxy formation and the present in order to (properly)
quantitatively account for the "age-of-the-oldest-stars-in-the-galactic halo" problem
and the cosmological evolution parameters (Reference 60).
When background light rays strike a negative energy lensing region, they are swept out
of the central region thus creating an umbra region of zero intensity. At the edges of
the umbra the rays accumulate and create a rainbow-like caustic with enhanced light
intensity. The lensing of a negative energy region is not analogous to a diverging lens
because in certain circumstances it can produce more light enhancement than does the
lensing of an equivalent positive energy region. Real background sources in lensing
events can have non-uniform brightness distributions on their surfaces and a
dependency of their emission with the observing frequency. These complications can
result in chromaticity effects, i.e., in spectral changes induced by differential lensing
during the event. The quantification of such effects is quite lengthy, somewhat model
dependent, and with recent application only to astronomical lensing events. Suffice it to
say that future work is necessary to scale down the predicted lensing parameters and
characterize their effects for lab experiments in which the negative energy will not be of
astronomical magnitude. Present ultrahigh-speed optics and optical cavities, lasers,
photonic crystal (and related switching) technology, sensitive nano-sensor technology,
and other techniques are very likely capable of detecting the very small magnitude
lensing effects expected in lab experiments.
A non-optical scheme for detecting negative energy in experiments was recently
reported by Davies and Ottewill (Reference 72) who studied the response of switched
particle detectors to static negative energy densities and negative energy fluxes. Their
model is based on a free (massless) scalar field in flat four-dimensional Minkowski
spacetime and utilized a simple generalization of the standard monopole detector,
which is switched on and off to concentrate the measurements on periods of isolated
negative energy density (or negative energy flux). The detector model includes an
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