AAWSAP DIRD, Concepts for Extracting Energy from the Quantum Vacuum, April 2010

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Figure 14 shows an example of an EV moving away from its source and shedding
electrons while giving off light as it was decaying .
Figure 14. EV (large blob at bottom) Moving at Downward Angle Away From Its Source (smaller blob
near center of photo) (Reference 36)
Shoulders' experimental studies claim that EVs have physical characteristics
corresponding to the phenomenon observed by Nardi et al. His conclusions were that
EVs are compact spherically shaped balls (diameter"" 1 - 20 µm) of condensed high­
density charge ( ~ 1030 electrons/m3) with an internal electric field > 108 V/m, a charge­
to-mass ratio of 1.7588 x 1011 Coulomb/kg (:::o electron's charge-to-mass ratio), and a
surface current density of 6 x 1015 Amps/m 2 (Reference 36). Shoulders also reported
that EVs are a source of (copious) X-rays; a single EV discharge gun can produce
multiple EVs in which the coupling between adjacent EVs produces quasi-stable
structures (chains); and EVs respond like an electron under deflection by external fields
of known polarity.
Since electrons would not be expected to bind together due to their mutual Coulomb
repulsion, a speculative model based on the vacuum electromagnetic ZPF was formed
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