AAWSAP DIRD, Aerospace Applications of Programmable Matter, December 2009

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Contents
Introduction ...........................................................................................................iv
Four Kinds of Atoms .................................................................,...........,................... 1
Natural Atoms .................................................................................................... 1
Quantum Dots ............................................................ , ........................................... 1
Photonics and Metamaterials ............................................................................. 3
Liquid Cry-stals ............................................................................................................. 4
"Impossible" Materials........................................................................................... 5
Advantages of Dynamic Materials ................................................................................... 5
Early Commercialization of Smart Materials ........................................................... 8
Thermal Management of Spacecraft ... .,. ........................................................................... 9
Energy-Scavenging Spacecraft Skins .................................. , ...................................... 11
Advanced Concepts in Programmable Materials ................................................... 12
Scenario for Possible Applications ................................................................................. 13
Directions for Future Research •• ■■ Ill ■ ••111111u "'"'."""' ■■••••■••■ 111111,.,, .. .. ~ ......... 'II .... , •• ■~- ......'""'"'"'"• • ■ ~ •··••11• 14
Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 16
Figures
1. Energy Levels of a Metal and a Semiconductor................................................,,, 2
2. Quantum Dot......................................................................... , ............................................. 3
3. Programmable Materials .................................................................................... 3
4. Wellstone Fiber.................................................................................................. 6
5. Assorted views of RavenWindow and RavenLight Filters in the Cold
(Transparent) and Hot (Reflective} State........................................................... 8
6. RavenWindow Smart Window Film Performance vs. Leading Incumbent Window
Filters...................................................................................................................... 9
7. Peltier Junction Heat Pump ..................................................................................... 10
Tables
1. Daily Household Energy Consumption (USA, 1993-1997)................................. 11
iii
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