AAWSAP DIRD, Technological Approaches to Controlling External Devices, March 2010
DOW-UAP-D130 · page 3 of 36
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UNCLASSIFIED//FOlil OFFI&I.t.k WIiii 8Plklf Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................v Direct Neural Signals.............................................................................................. 1 Indirect Neuronal Signals - The BOLD Effect.......................................................... 3 Control of External Devices .................................................................................... 4 Noninvasive Technologies ...................................................................................... 6 EEG ..................................................................................................................... 7 MEG .................................................................................................................... 8 EMG .................................................................................................................... 9 MRI and fMRI ..................................................................................................... 9 NIRS.................................................................................................................... 10 Invasive Technologies.......................................................................................... 10 Open-Loop Direct Cortical Array Algorithm Modeling ....................................... 11 Closed-Loop Peripheral Arrays Utilizing Visual Feedback ................................. 13 MEMS, ECoG, and PSoC Circuitry ...................................................................... 14 Chronic Neural Implants and fMRI ................................................................... 16 New Electrode Designs..................................................................................... 18 Hybrid Neuro-Robotic Systems for True Closed-Loop BMI ................................ 20 Trials Using Human Subjects............................................................................ 22 Optical Stimulation of Action Potentials ........................................................... 23 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 23 Noninvasive Electrical Devices ......................................................................... 24 Noninvasive BOLD-Based devices..................................................................... 25 Noninvasive Magnetic Devices ......................................................................... 26 Invasive Technologies - General, Optical, and Ex-Vivo Engineering................. 26 Implantable Chips, Ladders, and Arrays ........................................................... 27 UNCLASSIFIED//rOR: orr1e1J1ct U91!! OHL¥ iii