AAWSAP DIRD, Negative Mass Propulsion, January 2011

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density of the rocks. For Pmax =5 x 1010 dyn/cm2 one finds T =4 x 103 K . Both the
pressure and the temperature are technically manageable, the pressure with layers of
shattered rocks around a tunnel passing through the center of the moon, and the
temperature with some cooling. Seismic measurements suggest that the center of the
moon is made up of hot rocks.
If appreciable amounts of negative matter have accumulated over billions of years in
the center of the moon, it is more likely that this matter is in the form of ultra-light
matter, perhaps by an order of magnitude lighter tha n ordinary matter. There are
indications that a Swedish research group has found evidence for the existence of an
ultra-dense phase of deuterium, about more than 100,000 times more dense than
water [16]. Suppose that in the center of the moon the accumulation of negative
matter has led to a form of matter which is 100,000 times lighter than steel, but still
has the strength of steel. This would not lead to a negative-positive mass self-chasing
mass dipole as envisioned by Forward [13], but to something very important for space­
flight, because it would dramatically reduce the energy requirements to accelerate a
space craft made from such ultra-light material.
The question as to whether there is such an unusual substance in the center of the
moon can probably be answered by seismic wave tomography, obtained by nuclear
explosions set off on the surface of the moon.
12. Making a Tunnel through the Moon [15]
The cohesive energy of rocks is of the order &,. ,;:::, 1010 erg/cm3 . Therefore, the explosive
yield needed to shatter a spherical volume of radius r is
(108)
The energy released in a kiloton nuclear explosion is E,;:::, 4xl019 erg. With this energy,
the radius of the crushed rocks would be r,;:::, 103cm (= 10 m), and with a 10 kiloton
explosion it would be twice as large.
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