AAWSAP DIRD, Quantum Tomography of Negative Energy States in the Vacuum, January 2011

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Contents
Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1
REVIEW OF NEGATIVE (or SUB-VACUUM) ENERGY ................................................. 3
Overview ........................................................................................................ 3
Examples of Negative (Sub-Vacuum) Energy Found in Nature ....................... 4
Basic Notions of the Quantum Field Theory of Light ................................... 5
Basic Notions on the Origin of the Quantum Vacuum Zero-Point
Fluctuations ............................................................................................... 7
Negative (Sub-Vacuum) Energy in Squeezed Light .................................... 8
Negative (Sub-Vacuum) Energy in the Casimir Effect................................13
QUANTUM OPTICAL HOMODYNE TOMOGRAPHY .................................................... 15
Observing Negative Energy in the Lab .......................................................... 15
Basic Notions of Quantum Optical Homodyne Tomography .......................... 16
Wigner Functions ..................................................................................... 17
Beam Splitters.......................................................................................... 24
Photodiodes ............................................................................................. 27
Balanced Homodyne Detection ................................................................. 27
Outline of Experimental Procedure........................................................... 32
BALANCED HOMODYNE SYSTEMS FOR MEASURING NEGATIVE
(SUB-VACUUM) ENERGY ....................................................................................... 33
Time-Domain Balanced Homodyne System .................................................. 33
Balanced Homodyne System for Casimir Cavities ......................................... 36
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................ 43
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... 45
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 46
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