AAWSAP DIRD, Advanced Space Propulsion Based on Vacuum (Spacetime Metric) Engineering, March 2010

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TIMEINTERVAL, FREQUENCY, ENERGY
Begin by considering the case where ~
< 1, typical for an altered spacetime metric in
the vicinity of, say, a stellar mass, as expressed by the leading term in Equation (4).
Local measurements with physical clocks within the altered spacetime yield a time
interval ..[i";;dt < dt; thus an interval of time dt between two events in an undistorted
spacetime remote1 from the mass-say, 10 seconds-would be judged by local (proper)
measurement from within the altered spacetime to occur in a lesser time interval,
.[i";;;dt <dt-say, 5 seconds. From this one can rightly infer that, relatively speaking,
clocks (atomic processes and so forth) within the altered spacetime run slower. Given
this result, a physical process (for example, interval between clock ticks, atomic
emissions) that takes a time !:::.t in unaltered spacetime slows to !).t ➔ M/.ji;, when
occurring within the altered spacetime. Conversely, under conditions (for example,
metric engineering) for which Ji;; > 1, processes within the spacetime-altered region
are sped up. Thus the first entry for a table of physical effects (see Table 1) is made.
Given that frequency measurements are the reciprocal of time duration measurements,
the associated expression for frequency w is given by m➔ m.Jg;; , our second entry in
Table 1. This accounts, for example, for the redshifting of atomic emissions from dense
masses where ..[i";; < 1. Conversely, under conditions for which Ji;; > 1, blueshifting of
emissions would occur. In addition, given that quanta of energy are given by E = hm,
energy scales with Jg;; , as does frequency, E ➔ E.jg;,, our third entry in the table.
Depending on the value of .Ji: in the spacetime-altered region, energy states may be
raised or lowered relative to an unaltered spacetime region.
1 An observer at "infinity."
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3